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Pass超对称技术与单端的暧昧关系 [复制链接]

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11#

再谈谈Pass X扩大机
所谓单端,指的是一种线路架构,指讯号在线路中做全波形的放大。推挽呢?讯号分相成正负两组波形分别放大,最后再合并起来。A类放大,指放大组件(可管可石)的工作点选择,使组件依接收的讯号做不失真的全波形放大。
单端一定是A类,推挽就未必,因为推挽两组讯号合并时可抵消因非A类工作点造成的失真波形。所以推挽可以A类,可以AB类,可以B类....。
Pass X的平衡单端是什么?从平衡输入开始,我们看到的是每声道两组相同但正负相反的讯号在做A类放大,它是既平衡又单端,一点也不矛盾。但电路只是电路,真要工作还是要接上负载,喇叭。从喇叭看回来,平衡单端的两组讯号还是要合并,so,喇叭看到的是推挽。那平衡单端有什么意义吗?有,电路上的意义,但在听感上它听起来会是推挽而非单端。这也就是131期169页上提到的,Nelson Pass称自家的X为单端扩大机,而非单端输出扩大机。
前面的段落对无心理论的网友可能没兴趣,他们关心的是声音回放表现。Well,现在谈声音表现。
单端与推挽听感上有什么不同?推挽可以抵消电路造成的偶次谐波失真,但单端不会。至于这个偶次谐波失真是否美好并非重点,重点是两者听感上不会相像。
回头看128期X-600的评论
...高频泛音结构像优秀300B管机
.....为什么X-600能够把小提琴或其它人声、乐器的高音捉得住,使它不会转变成尖锐紧绷的声音?我想这可能是因为不失真,所以其高音域的泛音结构像单端300B管机一样。换句话说,一般扩大机在小提琴高把位时会发出刺耳紧绷难听的金属声,可能就是因为高音域的泛音结构「失真」了,而真正优秀的扩大机如果能够在高音域保持正确泛音结构,小提琴的美声就能够再生。或许,X-600就是一部像优秀300B管机的单端晶体机。......
这段评论文才是该篇评论最大的问题,至于理论的部份倒没大问题。个人认为,刘总编当时要不是听错了就是随便听听。当然,听感这回事充满模糊的空间,谁都可以耍赖说我就是真的听到「泛音结构像单端300B管机」,但耍赖这种事应该不是刘总编今日如此地位者所为。所以在网友质疑后,我们看到131期的Pass彻底研究三篇文章。但之前的评论真正的问题却没更正。
做为一本以标榜听感主观论述的专业杂志,理论错或情有可原,发生了听错了或随便听听的状况时,读者该如何去看待,值得大家深思
Tacking
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12#

以下是Mr. Nelson Pass在Son of Zen中的一段文字,提供网友参考。翻译如有错漏疏失,一概由我负责。
「这算单端放大吗?这个线路的任何一半都是如假包换的单端放大,但是将二个单端放大线路合在一起以平衡方式工作,这就很有争议了,就如「单端平衡放大」这句话本身即有争议一样。不过,既然市场上有许多采用平衡式输出线路的扩大机也自称为单端扩大机,那么,「单端平衡放大」这种称谓虽然有自我矛盾的地方,但也不失为一种区别纯单端与平衡单端的好方法。」
李陵
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13#

TO: 刘总编
拜读PASS X-600评论一文, 犹豫再三, 还是决定提醒您及众网友一下.
无关X-600好不好, 但X-600并不是如您所认为的是一部单端设计的晶体机. X-1000也不是. 事实上, X系列采用Nelson Pass称为 "超对称" 的电路结构, 此电路已在美国申请专利.
这个电路结构基本上是个桥接电路, 会被称为超对称的创意在于单声道中的两个扩大机被做出虚拟地端, 并在两个虚拟地间以电阻连结, 互通 "非零" 的错误讯号. 整个看起来就像高空走索人用一根很长的水平杆帮助稳定重心一般, 非常巧妙.
这里的重点不在电路结构分析, 而是说明这个电路与单端放大丝毫扯不上边. 事实上这在您看到X-600只有平衡式输入端子时就该有点警觉了(单端放大并不需要正反两相讯号), 要不然, 看看Pass的网站也会大有助益.
至于您文中多所附丽单端放大的优点, 看来只能当作 "美丽的误会" 了.
再一次强调, 此无关Pass X-600好不好, 本意亦不在放炮, 纯粹就事论事, 如此而已.
Charles H.
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14#

有关X-600单端放大问题
对不起,因为带公司同仁出国旅游,今天才上网看一些留言。
有关我写的X-600是否为单端问题,我又再回头看了一次。我想,问题是出在二个地方,一个地方是我懒得再写一次X系列的设计原理,所以请读者自行参阅118期,所以内文中也没有再提Balanced Single Ended这个名词。事实上这是引起争议的重点。另一个原因则是我第一段写单端的构造,马上转到说X是单端机,这也让读者误会这二个东西是一样的。这也是我交代不清的地方。
Charles说得不错,只要有平衡,就不应该说是单端,因为单端是全波放大,我在评论第一页中也是这么说。不过,Pass的机器长久以来一直都以单端做宣传,他也没有欺骗大家的意思,自己也点出他的单端与以前真空管时代的单端有其不同之处。从李陵所引的那段文字中,我想大家也了解Pass的意思。
所以,X系列是否为单端设计?以古老真空管单端机的角度来看,它并不是。若以现代观点来看,应该说是Balanced Single Ended平衡式单端。
诚如Charles所言,此事无关X-600好不好,都是我写得不清楚,以致引起读者们误解与困扰。如果我能写得更清楚些就不会有这个问题了。
谢谢网友们的监督,有您们的监督,我想论坛会越做越好
刘汉盛
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15#

Pass Labs关于X系列的技术说明原文贴上来,请自己参考。英文有困难的参考Charles H. 的留言,该机的确不是单端机。我不想针对谁,亦无火上加油之意。只希望论坛以后的评论更加严谨一些。另外,谢谢提供网址的朋友。
The X Series are the biggest and most powerful amplifiers we have ever created, but they are not unique for that reason. We have chosen the biggest and most powerful as the proper temple for a new concept in high performance audio amplification. Called Supersymmetry™, the circuit topology was granted a U.S. patent in 1994, and is the result of 19 years of effort by Pass. The amplifier uses highly matched components in a classically simple balanced Class A circuit. The amplifier contains only two simple stages: the first is a balanced single-ended Class A voltage gain stage. Its output drives a bank of high power Mosfets operated as voltage followers without feedback.
These are inherently low distortion types of circuits, but their performance is improved when operated in balanced mode through cancellation. Distortion and noise identical to both halves of a balanced circuit will disappear at the output, and in a well-matched symmetric circuit, most of the distortion and noise is identical.
Supersymmetry enhances this effect by providing a connection between the two halves of the balanced circuit that further perfects the match. Any distortion and noise not already identical to the two halves is made identical, and the result is improved cancellation at the output.
Unlike feedback techniques where the goal is to correct for the distortion by feeding a gain stage an inversely distorted signal, Supersymmetry seeks merely to create perfect matching.
Matched balanced power circuitry typically sees a distortion and noise reduction of about 90% (20 dB) through a balanced connection without any additional effort. The Supersymmetric circuit delivers another 90% reduction, so that the X series has about 1/100 of the distortion of a conventionally simple amplifier. Actually this ordinary distortion and noise can still be seen at the output of one half of the circuit, but since it is virtually identical on the other half, it goes away at the speaker terminals. This gives good measured performance, which because it is simple, also sounds excellent.
Previously these kinds of simple Class A circuits have been popular for their sound quality in low power amplifiers, but have not found application at high power levels due to excessive distortion and low efficiency. Supersymmetry overcomes this barrier, delivering the sweetness, staging, and detail of very simple circuitry up to kilowatt power levels and beyond.
The X Series amplifiers have the tremendous dynamic range (>150 dB) to do justice to the 24 bit recordings of the 21st Century. The simple but powerful circuitry moves easily from total silence to explosive transient and back to silence without a trace. It's a spooky experience.
Because these amplifiers do not rely on output feedback for high performance, their performance is consistent across the audio band, from DC to beyond audibility. They are unconditionally stable into any loudspeaker.
Tacking
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16#

超对称,有意思,不会是噱头吧!
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17#

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